Facial Cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman Disease Misdiagnosed as Sporotrichosis: A Case Report and Literature Review

Xinhuan Wang, Ji Li, Zhihao Li, Yuan Chen, Yubei Li, Xiaodong Li,* Yang Han* Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xiaodong Li, Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, 5 Nanqi West Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China, Email lilicmu@163.com Yang Han, Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, 5 Nanqi West Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China, Email wyh6128543@126.comAbstract: Cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease (CRDD) is a rare form of non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Because the etiology and pathogenesis remain unclear and the cutaneous manifestations are highly variable, no definitive diagnostic criteria have been established. As a result, the risk of diagnostic errors and missed diagnoses is common in clinical practice. This report describes the case of a 64-year-old woman with facial CRDD that initially misdiagnosed as sporotrichosis. This case broadens the known clinical spectrum of CRDD and underscores the importance of careful differential diagnosis to avoid misdiagnosis and ensure appropriate treatment.Keywords: Rosai-Dorfman disease, sporotrichosis, histiocytic diseases, sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy, emperipolesis