РОЗШИРЕННЯ МОЖЛИВОСТЕЙ АТОМНИХ СТАНЦІЙ МАЛОЇ ПОТУЖНОСТІ ДЛЯ ТЕПЛОПОСТАЧАННЯ

All over the world, low power nuclear power plants (LPNPP) with small modular reactors (SMR) are currently being intensively developed. The widespread use of SSP for heat supply is declared. After analyzing the use of large nuclear power plants for district heating, it was found that the possibility of SMR for urban heat supply has limitations in terms of capacity. Thus, a nuclear power plant with a VVER-1000 reactor usually has a heating plant with a capacity of no more than 200 MW. The thermal capacity of one district of a large city (for example, Odessa) is approximately 300 MW. This means that SSP are not able to provide even one district of a large city. To increase the heat supply capacity, a mode with the low-pressure turbine (LPT) turned off is proposed. The high-pressure turbine (HPT) operates in a counter-pressure mode. The network water is sequentially heated in two heaters, which are supplied with steam from the HPT exhaust and hot steam, respectively. According to the results of calculations, in this mode, the LPNPP with the SMR-160 reactor at a reactor power of 525 MW provides heat consumers with a capacity of 442.5 MW and electrical power of 36.1 MW (direct network water temperature 130 °C). The use of a heat pump (HP) with a turbine condenser as the evaporator is considered. This operating mode allows the release of 448.62 MW of heat for the consumer and 76.38 MW of electricity (network water temperature 65 °C). Comparison of the given data shows the advantage of using HT, but it is necessary to pay attention to the different potential of the released heat. The quality of heat is taken into account when determining the exergy efficiency, which for the variant with a heating plant is 1.33% higher (abs.).