Оптимізація моделі підготовки здобувачів освіти та співробітників органів правопорядку для виявлення, документування та досудового розслідування воєнних злочинів із застосуванням високих технологій (OSINT, HUMINT)

Digital technologies profoundly reshape the investigation of war crimes, broadening the spectrum of available sources of information through the development of «digital geography». At present, open-source intelligence, digital tools and evidence, artificial intelligence, and large language models are extensively employed to establish the time, location, and circumstances of crimes; to detect and identify objects; to analyze radio intercepts; to verify information; and to de-anonymize individuals. These technologies enhance the effectiveness of investigations, yet simultaneously necessitate the training of a new generation of specialists equipped with advanced digital, legal, and analytical competencies. In this context, the proper collection and authentication of electronic evidence – as defined by current regulatory acts – acquire particular importance, as does adherence to international standards, including the Berkeley Protocol and the Council of Europe’s recommendations on electronic evidence. Developing the relevant digital competencies among students and law enforcement personnel, such as OSINT skills, geolocation, data verification, digital hygiene techniques, and de-anonymization tools, is essential for the proper handling of digital materials and for improving the overall quality of the evidence base. Equally important are the development of high-quality educational programs across different levels of education, the provision of access to specialized digital tools, interagency cooperation with international organizations and the IT sector, as well as motivation for continuous professional development. Artificial intelligence, as a modern technology, offers additional opportunities to enhance training models – particularly through the automation of digital data analysis, more accurate object identification, and the acceleration of certain forensic processes – thus contributing to the formation of specialists capable of operating effectively amid hybrid threats and information confrontation.