[Osteoarthritis and cellular therapeutics].

Osteoarthritis, a degenerative disorder of the osteoarticular system, leads to progressive cartilage deterioration, resulting in pain and functional impairment. Its clinical presentation is heterogeneous, reflecting a diversity of phenotypes and molecular profiles. Risk factors include advanced age, female sex, obesity and joint trauma. Among emerging therapeutic strategies, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) offer promising prospects. These cells, derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, and umbilical tissues, exhibit regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. In parallel, MSC-derived exosomes, which carry regenerative bioactive factors, represent another avenue of innovation, though their clinical application still requires further validation.