Modelos socioeconómicos en Europa y América Latina: una tipología de la desigualdad e inestabilidad

This article compares employment models and welfare regimes in Europe and Latin America between 2008 and 2023. We underline three key points: First, distribution institutions and the ideal of egalitarian democracy have receded in all welfare regimes. Income inequalities stagnated or increased in Europe, while they fell in some Latin American countries. Second, the loss of union power resources correlates with the weakening of distributive institutions. Coordinated Economies models have sustained distribution better than Liberal Market Economies. Third, the main discriminating factors are occupational institutionality versus informality, further away the rates of occupational activity and the coverage of collective bargaining. In social institutions, five types are distinguished: high, medium-high, medium-low, low and very low.