A Highly Magnetic Ultra Massive White Dwarf with a 23-minute Rotation Period

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Authors: Jincheng Guo, Xiaofeng Wang, Qichun Liu, A. V. Filippenko, Thomas G. Brink, Jingkun Zhao, WeiKang Zhang, Yi Yang, Jie Lin, Haowei Peng, Hailiang Chen, D. O. Mirzaqulov
+8 more Shuhrat Ehgamberdiev, Bin Ma, Jun Mo, Cheng Liu, Gaobo Xi, Xiaojun Jiang, Danfeng Xiang, Jicheng Zhang
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Abstract

We present a physical characterization of TMTS J00063798+3104160 (J0006), a rapidly rotating,ultra-massive white dwarf (WD) identified in high-cadence light curves from the Tsinghua University-Ma Huateng Telescope for Survey (TMTS). A coherent 23-minute periodicity is detected in TMTS, TESS, and ZTF photometry. A time series of low-resolution spectra with the Keck-I 10 m telescope reveals broad, shallow hydrogen absorption features indicative of an extreme magnetic field and shows no evidence for radial-velocity variations. Atmospheric modeling yields a magnetic field strength of $\sim$ 250 MG, while Gaia astrometry and photometry imply a mass of 1.06 $\pm$ 0.01 M$_{\odot}$. A significant infrared excess is detected in the WISE W1 band and is well fitted by a 550 K blackbody, likely arising from residual material of a merger. We interpret the 23-minute photometric modulation as the rotation period of an isolated, massive WD formed likely through the merger of a double WD binary. With one of the shortest rotation periods known among candidate merger remnants and with constraints from a deep Einstein Probe X-ray nondetection, J0006 provides a rare and important observational window into the poorly explored intermediate stages of post-merger evolution.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Stellar planetary and galactic studies Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae

Publication details

Journal / source
arXiv (Cornell University)
Publication date
15 January 2026
Document type
Preprint