РОЗРОБКА КОНСТРУКЦІЇ РАДІАЛЬНО-ДІАГОНАЛЬНОЇ ГІДРОТУРБІНИ ДЛЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОЇ РОБОТИ НА ВИСОКИХ НАПОРАХ

The development of a new hydroturbine design aimed at improving energy and operational efficiency for operation at high heads is presented. A comprehensive analysis of the problems typical for traditional high-head hydroturbines, in particular Francis and Kaplan turbines, which have a limited operating range and are prone to cavitation phenomena when deviating from optimal operating conditions, has been carried out. The main focus is on the creation of a high-head radial-diagonal hydroturbine, the design of which includes a two-row blade system and an intermediate guide vane to ensure a wide operating range and increase flow stability. The predicted universal characteristic of the RD 400 compared to the traditional Fr 400 turbine demonstrated significant advantages of the new design, in particular a wider range of efficient operation. An important advantage of the considered design is the ability to maintain a high efficiency coefficient over a wide range of heads and water flows, which ensures the versatility of this hydroturbine for various types of hydroelectric power plants. The proposed turbine demonstrates increased resistance to cavitation due to the improved blade shape and three-element combinatorial dependence. The process of creating a three-dimensional model of the hydroturbine in the SolidWorks environment is considered, which allows for accurate representation of the geometry and preparation of the model for further numerical analysis using computational fluid dynamics methods. For further improvement, the use of numerical modeling in CFD programs (for example, Ansys CFX) is proposed to analyze hydrodynamic processes in the flow part and evaluate energy-cavitation indicators. The research prospects include the creation of a physical prototype and experimental validation of the results, which will contribute to the implementation of radial-diagonal hydroturbines in real hydroelectric power plant projects. The integration of innovative solutions into the design of hydroturbines will ensure more stable and reliable operation of energy systems.