ПОКРАЩЕННЯ ДИНАМІЧНИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ПРОПОРЦІОНАЛЬНОГО ГІДРОРОЗПОДІЛЬНИКА

The main factors affecting the dynamics of a proportional distributor are the mass of moving elements (spool), spring force, damping properties of the working fluid, nonlinearities of the electromagnetic field, and energy losses due to friction. Reducing the inertia of moving parts, optimising the geometry of flow channels, improving the electromagnet control system, and using modern sensor technologies can significantly improve dynamic properties. Researchers are particularly interested in electrohydraulic proportional valves, in which the electronic part (sensors, amplifiers, microcontrollers) interacts with the hydraulic part, providing a closed control loop. Such systems allow automatic compensation for errors caused by non-linearity or temperature changes and provide high-precision real-time parameter control. The use of digital controllers, PID controllers or fuzzy logic creates opportunities for further improvement of system dynamics. However, even with the use of modern control methods, a number of problems remain related to the physical limitations of the hydromechanical system itself. These include the inertia of the working fluid flow, hydraulic losses, the presence of air in the fluid, and microcavitation processes that reduce the efficiency of energy transfer. Therefore, a comprehensive approach to improving dynamic characteristics is a relevant direction, both at the design level and at the level of mathematical modelling and control. A comprehensive solution to this problem requires a combination of experimental research, computer modelling and optimisation analysis methods, as well as the development of adaptive control methods that improve performance and accuracy.