ЛЮДСЬКИЙ КАПІТАЛ В УМОВАХ ВІЙНИ: ВИКЛИКИ ТА МОЖЛИВОСТІ НАРОЩУВАННЯ У КОНТЕКСТІ ПОВОЄННОГО ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ

The article examines the state of human capital in Ukraine under the conditions of war and identifies key challenges and mechanisms of adaptation in the context of economic recovery and post-war reconstruction. It is argued that armed aggression has caused unprecedented demographic, social, economic, educational and psychological losses, which significantly weaken the productive potential of the population and slow down recovery processes. Large-scale forced migration, population ageing, labour shortages, destruction of educational infrastructure and deterioration of mental health have become critical threats to human capital accumulation.At the same time, the study proves that wartime conditions have generated new adaptive capacities, including a high level of social solidarity, digital skills development, civic engagement, volunteerism and growing orientation towards European values. Human capital is substantiated as the key driver of economic resilience, innovation-based growth and long-term competitiveness in the post-war period.The authors propose an integrated architecture of human capital recovery and development, combining educational and scientific instruments, labour market and employment policies, social and demographic measures, healthcare and psychosocial support tools, institutional and governance mechanisms, digital and innovative solutions, as well as international and partnership-based instruments. Particular attention is paid to the role of universities, civil society and international cooperation in preserving knowledge, skills and competencies, preventing brain drain and facilitating reintegration of migrants and internally displaced persons.It is concluded that the effectiveness of post-war recovery depends on a comprehensive, multi-level and cross-sectoral approach to human capital development. The combination of internal reserves and transnational human capital, supported by targeted public policies and international assistance, creates the foundation for sustainable economic recovery, social cohesion and long-term development of Ukraine.