Promoting Citizens' willingness to participate in co-production: The role of value creation motivation

Co-production emphasizes collaboration between citizens and the government to contribute to public services (Osborne et al., 2016). As a starting point, Alford (2002) argued that citizens require motivation to engage in co-production. From the perspective of the deeper psychological drivers behind citizen participation in co-production, such participation is often driven by intrinsic values, whereby citizens evaluate the potential outcomes of co-production and their willingness to contribute and take responsibility (Van Eijk & Steen, 2016).