Desvendando narrativas complexas: conspirações e ódio na era digital sobre Covid-19, migração e diversidade de gênero

In the digital age, social media has amplified the spread of conspiracy theories and hate speech, especially in contexts such as the COVID-19 pandemic, migration, and debates about gender diversity. This study analyzes how these toxic narratives have been constructed and spread, exacerbating social polarization. During COVID-19, conspiracy theories proliferated, falsely attributing the origin of the virus to biological weapons or population control schemes, triggering massive misinformation and discrimination against specific groups. In parallel, migrants were singled out as health and economic threats, reinforcing stigma and xenophobia through digital campaigns that exploited cognitive biases. Regarding gender diversity, conservative discourses intensified their opposition to LGBTIQ+ rights, using misinformation to fuel social divisions. The analysis reveals a common pattern: the instrumentalization of fear and uncertainty to construct imaginary enemies. This phenomenon underscores the need to counter these narratives with strategies based on verifiable data and critical digital education.