THE SUBECART THEORY: does 0.999... equal 1?
Abstract
This paper presents the subécart Theory, which explores the gap between the process of an infinite decimal fraction and the higher unit it cannot reach. In standard mathematics, 0.999... is considered equal to 1. However, this theory argues that this equality is a convention that ignores the dynamic structure of the decimal system. By analyzing the "structural zero" that can never be reached in an infinite series of 9s, we define the subécart ⧓ as the real, ontological distance between the ongoing addition and the unit above. The theory uses the principle of the asymptote to show that while 0.999... approaches 1, it never structurally merges with it.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Mathematical and Theoretical Analysis
History and Theory of Mathematics
Advanced Mathematical Theories
Publication details
- Journal / source
- OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)
- Publication date
- 2 February 2026
- Document type
- Preprint