МЕТОДОЛОГІЯ СВІТ-СИСТЕМНОГО АНАЛІЗУ І. ВАЛЛЕРСТАЙНА: ІСТОРІЯ СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ТА ДРАМАТИЗМ ЇЇ НЕЗДАТНОСТІ У ХХІ СТ.

The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the process of formation, development, and transformation of the methodology of world-system analysis by I. Wallerstein, who is considered one of the most influential theorists of capitalism in the 20th–21st cen. It is investigated how the conceptual basis of his methodology was formed based on the analysis of the global division of labor, unequal exchange, and the hierarchical structure of "center-periphery-semiperiphery". The central object of the analysis is the four-volume study The Modern World-System, which traces the stages of the formation of the world-system from the 16th to the beginning of the 20th cen. The key works The Capitalist World-Economy, After Liberalism, Historical Capitalism, etc. are analyzed, which demonstrate the drama of the methodological search and at the same time the depth of the author's interdisciplinary approach. The article proves both the heuristic value of world-system analysis and its theoretical limitations in the conditions of the 21st cen., when globalization processes have taken on new forms. A critical view of Wallerstein's legacy is offered as an intellectual foundation for understanding future social transformations.