Navigating the Just Transition: A Multi-Level Analysis of the Drivers, Incentives, and Disincentives for Green Job Creation

This internship thesis explores the drivers, incentives, and disincentives that shape the creation of green jobs and the greening of existing employment. Against the backdrop of an accelerating climate transition, it synthesises evidence from international, regional, national, and enterprise levels to assess how policy, economic structures, and institutional capacity influence labour market outcomes. Drawing on a range of empirical sources and policy frameworks, the thesis highlights how targeted investment, regulatory certainty, and skills development can promote inclusive and decent green employment. At the same time, it identifies persistent challenges such as political uncertainty, fiscal constraints, and skills mismatches that risk undermining a just transition. The thesis also explores sector-specific dynamics, including in renewable energy, construction, manufacturing, and agriculture. The findings highlight the importance of cross-sectoral coordination, social dialogue, and integrated policy approaches in advancing employment-centred climate action. This research contributes to a broader understanding of how environmental and labour agendas can be aligned, while flagging data and implementation gaps that merit further investigation