Technological migration and digital sovereignty in federative contexts: building a conceptual model

The growing dependence on technology providers in the public sector has intensified the debate on digital sovereignty and the need for national strategies of technological migration. This article examines international experiences in this field with the aim of proposing a conceptual model to foster digital autonomy in federal contexts such as Brazil. The study adopts a qualitative approach, grounded in a systematic literature review, documentary analysis, and multiple case studies of countries with high levels of digital maturity (Estonia, France, South Korea, and Canada). The comparative analysis revealed recurrent structural patterns, including the reuse of public software, the institutionalization of digital governance, the consolidation of interoperable infrastructures under state control, and the continuous training of civil servants. These elements, however, are shaped by specific political and administrative conditions that influence national strategies. Based on this evidence, a conceptual model was developed, structured around four interdependent dimensions (institutional, operational, normative, and sociotechnical), providing guidelines tailored to the Brazilian federative context. The findings contribute to strengthening public policies aimed at digital sovereignty, with particular emphasis on building lasting state capacities, enhancing federative coordination, and reducing dependence on external providers.