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A large share of onshore wind power in Skåne is approaching the end of its technical lifetime, while the demand for increased fossil-free electricity generation is substantial. Rather than decommissioning and dismantling aging wind power assets, the EU emphasizes the need for repowering, which entails replacing parts of or entire wind turbines. Repowering represents a potentially cost-effective way to increase electricity production without requiring additional land use. Despite this potential, repowering is currently being implemented to a limited extent. The aim of this study is to identify and analyse barriers and opportunities for the repowering of onshore wind power in Skåne, primarily from an owner’s perspective. The study is based on a literature review of relevant academic research, policy documents, and governmental reports, as well as a combined survey and interview study with wind power owners. The results show that repowering projects in Sweden are largely subject to the same permitting processes as new wind power developments, despite often resulting in lower environmental impacts per unit of electricity produced. The most significant barrier identified is profitability, while other barriers vary depending on the size of the wind power owner. Larger owners primarily identify obstacles related to the Swedish Armed Forces and grid connection, whereas smaller owners experience greater uncertainty regarding access to suitable technology and the duration of the permitting process. The study concludes that repowering has the potential to contribute significantly to Sweden’s future electricity supply. However, realising this potential requires clearer regulatory frameworks, more predictable permitting processes, and improved economic incentives. In particular, the importance of more clearly distinguishing repowering from new developments within the Swedish permitting system is emphasised.