China-Russia Alignment: Assessing "Dual-Use" in the Economic and Technological Cooperation in the Russian Arctic

The study is based on research conducted for Finnish National Defence University in 2025 which is to be published in 2026. The main research methods are based on qualitative case study methodology. For the purpose of the study, three practical cooperation areas have been studied (ports, use of the NSR, and satellites). Additionally, literature review was conducted to further conceptualize ´dual-use´ and its relevance in the context of the Arctic and for both Russia and China respectively.