Особливості змагальної діяльності борців за показниками техніко-тактичних дій на міжнародних змаганнях

Purpose: to identify the main trends in wrestlers’ competitive performance based on technical and tactical indicators at the European Championships from 2021 to 2024. Material and Methods. The study analysed competitive performance indicators of Greco-Roman wrestlers at the European Championships 2021–2024. Data were obtained from the official analytical platform of United World Wrestling. A total of 825 bouts were examined, assessing the average points scored, effectiveness in standing and parterre positions, and the distribution of points for specific technical and tactical actions. Results: the findings indicate relative stability in overall performance levels: the average points scored per bout at the European Championships 2021–2024 ranged from 7,3 to 7,7 among senior athletes, with a moderate decline in 2022 and the highest value recorded in 2023. Analysis of standing performance showed a gradual recovery after the decrease observed in 2022, increasing from 4,0 to 4,2 points in 2024. Parterre effectiveness demonstrated more pronounced fluctuations, peaking in 2023 (3,6 points) before declining in 2024. The distribution of points between technical–tactical actions and other scoring actions revealed opposite trends: technical actions decreased in effectiveness in 2024 (4,8 points vs. 5,2 in 2023), while other scoring actions consistently increased (up to 2,7 points). A detailed analysis of technical–tactical actions showed that in standing, the most effective were snap-downs (599 points) and step-outs (412 points), whereas complex throws gradually decreased in their scoring contribution. In parterre, gut wrenches (1386 points) and back/side lifts (840 points) dominated, indicating a preference among athletes for the most effective and controllable techniques. Overall dynamics suggest a tendency toward simplification of the technical–tactical structure, reduced use of high-risk actions, and increased reliance on tactical actions that yield points without complex technical execution. Conclusions. The study identified key trends in the competitive activity of Greco-Roman wrestlers at the European Championships, summarised the structure of technical and tactical actions in standing and parterre positions, and outlined changes in their effectiveness over four years. The findings may be used to adjust training programmes and improve the effectiveness of athletes’ preparation.