Game of minerals in the sands of Senegal : trade-offs between growth, sustainability and justice in Senegal's "desert" mining

The extraction of critical minerals in Senegal highlights the complex tradeoffs between economic growth, environmental sustainability and social equity. Projects like the French-led Eramet Grande Côte (EGC) have led to environmental degradation, threats to livelihoods and community tensions, exacerbated by weak law enforcement and suppressed activism. This policy note calls for stronger governance, community inclusion and sustainable mining practices.