Design and Simulation of Renewable Energy Systems to Meet Industrial and Service Sector Electricity Demand in Swedish Regions

The shift towards renewable energy systems poses technological opportunities and structural issues, especially in areas with high variability and diverse demand. This thesis explores the design and performance of renewable energy systems aimed at supplying the industrial and service sector demand for electricity on various scales and geographic locations in Sweden. A data-oriented simulation approach has been employed in this study to assess Solar Photovoltaic systems, Wind energy, and Battery energy storage systems at various scales. The building-scale case studies address data that was collected from municipal energy monitoring in Halmstad and provide a real-world assessment of integrating renewables. The city-scale studies focus on a generic industrial load curve and climate data from a particular region, that allow for the separation of the effect of the availability of renewables. In all simulation scenarios, there is an hourly resolution and an entire year span. The analysis indicates that building-level systems can considerably lower dependence on the grid during a high availability period of renewables, but it adds less on an annual basis. Also, city-level systems can increase penetration levels with mutual support between wind and solar outputs, but there needs to be a large oversize margin for low unserved demand. Battery storage can enhance short-term flexibility but will be ineffective for seasonal mismatch. The results show that improving one aspect of the system, such as reliability, efficiency, or cost performance, often comes at the expense of another. This highlights the importance of designing renewable energy systems based on regional conditions and evaluating them through multiple scenarios rather than relying on a single optimal solution.