Temporal Synchronization as a Process Marker in Psychotherapy and Group Dynamics

This paper proposes a temporal synchronization framework for understanding psychotherapeutic and group processes. Using the Kuramoto model, therapeutic dyads and groups are conceptualized as coupled oscillatory systems characterized by individual ultradian rhythms. Measures of phase distance and group-level synchronization are introduced as process markers of therapeutic alliance, mentalization, and group dynamics. The approach complements existing psychotherapeutic models by focusing on temporal coordination rather than content alone.