Sistem Pertanian Cerdas Berbasis IoT dengan Multi-Sensor Terintegrasi Untuk Monitoring Tanah dan Penyiraman Otomatis

This research aims to design and implement an Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart farming system capable of monitoring soil parameters and controlling automatic watering of polybag planting media. The system was developed using an ESP32 microcontroller as the control center and a 7-in-1 NPK sensor based on RS485 Modbus communication to measure nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), temperature, and soil moisture. The measurement results are displayed via a 20x4 I2C LCD and sent to the Blynk application for real-time remote monitoring. The research methods include hardware design, software development, system integration, and sensor calibration using benchmarks and laboratory test data. Based on the test results, the system demonstrated stable performance with consistent sensor readings close to the reference values. The automatic watering system controlled by the RTC module also operated according to the set schedule, and changes in soil parameters after watering could be observed through monitoring graphs. Overall, the developed system proved effective in supporting soil condition monitoring and watering automation, thus having the potential to be applied to small-scale agriculture and urban farming systems.