IDENTIFIKASI DAN DISTRIBUSI TIKUS DI PELABUHAN PANJANG BANDAR LAMPUNG: STUDI PENGENDALIAN POPULASI TIKUS DAN PENCEGAHAN PENYAKIT LEPTOSPIROSIS

Pelabuhan merupakan tempat dengan aktivitas manusia tinggi, sanitasi yang sering kurang optimal, serta ketersediaan limbah makanan, sehingga berpotensi menjadi habitat ideal bagi tikus komensal sebagai reservoir bakteri Leptospira penyebab leptospirosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi spesies tikus yang terdapat di Pelabuhan Panjang Bandar Lampung, mengetahui distribusinya pada berbagai zona pelabuhan, serta mengkaji keterkaitan faktor lingkungan fisik dengan keberadaannya sebagai dasar pengendalian leptospirosis. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada 6–10 November 2025 menggunakan metode survei lapangan dengan pemasangan perangkap single trap di delapan lokasi berbeda (gudang, area parkir, kantin, dan fasilitas penunjang pelabuhan) selama dua kali pengulangan. Tikus yang tertangkap diidentifikasi secara morfologis dan dicatat karakter kuantitatifnya, sedangkan faktor lingkungan meliputi kelembapan, skor sanitasi, dan indeks ketersediaan pakan. Data jumlah dan lokasi tangkapan dianalisis secara deskriptif, dihitung nilai trap success, serta dipetakan menggunakan QGIS (Quantum Geographic Information System) untuk menggambarkan pola distribusi spasial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat dua spesies tikus, yaitu Rattus norvegicus dan Rattus tanezumi, dengan total 8 ekor tikus tertangkap dari 96 perangkap (trap success 8,33%), di mana R. norvegicus merupakan spesies dominan. Lokasi dengan skor sanitasi buruk dan ketersediaan pakan tinggi, khususnya Gudang Api dan Gudang Damkar, tercatat sebagai area dengan jumlah tangkapan tertinggi dan menjadi hotspot aktivitas tikus. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa kombinasi sanitasi rendah, tumpukan material, dan sumber pakan melimpah berperan penting dalam mendukung keberadaan tikus di pelabuhan, sehingga perbaikan manajemen sanitasi dan pengendalian habitat perlu diprioritaskan sebagai langkah pencegahan leptospirosis di Pelabuhan Panjang. Kata kunci: Tikus pelabuhan, Rattus norvegicus, Rattus tanezumi, leptospirosis, Pelabuhan Panjang abstract Ports are places with high human activity, often suboptimal sanitation, and the availability of food waste, making them potential ideal habitats for commensal rats as reservoirs of Leptospira bacteria, the cause of leptospirosis. This study aims to identify the species of rats found in the Panjang Port of Bandar Lampung, determine their distribution in various port zones, and examine the relationship between physical environmental factors and their presence as a basis for leptospirosis control. The study was conducted from November 6 to 10, 2025, using a field survey method with single traps set in eight different locations (warehouses, parking areas, canteens, and port support facilities) for two repetitions. The captured rats were identified morphologically and their quantitative characteristics were recorded, while environmental factors included humidity, sanitation scores, and food availability indices. The data on the number and location of captures were analyzed descriptively, trap success rates were calculated, and the data were mapped using QGIS (Quantum Geographic Information System) to illustrate spatial distribution patterns. The results showed that there were two species of rats, namely Rattus norvegicus and Rattus tanezumi, with a total of 8 rats caught from 96 traps (trap success rate 8.33%), where R. norvegicus is the dominant species. Locations with poor sanitation scores and high food availability, particularly Gudang Api and Gudang Damkar, were recorded as areas with the highest number of catches and became hotspots for rat activity. These findings confirm that the combination of poor sanitation, material piles, and abundant food sources plays an important role in supporting the presence of rats in the port, so improvements in sanitation management and habitat control need to be prioritized as preventive measures against leptospirosis at Panjang Port. Keywords: Port rats, Rattus norvegicus, Rattus tanezumi, leptospirosis, Panjang Port