Теоретичне обґрунтування та класифікація засобів змагально-ігрової спрямованості у підготовці кваліфікованих плавців 13–16 років

Purpose. The purpose of the study is to theoretically substantiate and classify the arsenal of competitive and game-oriented means for optimizing the training process of qualified swimmers at the stage of specialized basic training.Material and Methods. The study used a set of scientific methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature, analysis of curricula of youth sports schools and youth sports schools, pedagogical observation of the training process of representatives of Ukrainian and foreign training schools using remote monitoring of media content. An expert survey of 20 coaches of the highest and first categories with over 10 years of experience was conducted. The results were processed using mathematical statistics methods.Results. The study confirmed the existence of a contradiction between the need to intensify loads and the risk of psycho-emotional burnout of adolescents due to the monotony of cyclical work. It was found that in domestic practice the game method is used fragmentarily (only 10% of respondents). About 90% of specialists do not consider the game as a full-fledged means of developing special qualities. The main obstacles to the implementation of the game method were identified as a strict schedule of training sessions (60%), a shortage of specialized methodological developments (25%) and limited inventory in state institutions (15%). Based on the analysis of international experience, a set of 26 competitive and game-oriented exercises was developed and systematized. The proposed author's classification includes five functional groups: 1) improvement of technical skills; 2) development of speed-strength and ballistic abilities; 3) development of coordination and "feeling of water"; 4) development of strength and speed endurance; 5) team cohesion and psychological mobilization. Based on the analysis of advanced international experience, the effectiveness of the practical application of musical accompaniment as an additional factor that allows swimmers to maintain the tempo-rhythmic structure of the stroke and reduces the level of subjective perception of the severity of the load was established.Conclusions. It has been proven that the integration of competitive and gaming equipment and modern equipment (fitballs, expanders, noodles) allows you to transform exhausting routine work into a productive process that brings emotional satisfaction. The introduction of a classified arsenal of exercises contributes to the formation of variable motor skills, stimulates the ability to make instant decisions and ensures soft mobilization of functional reserves without the risk of premature cessation of sports. Methodological provisions for the safe and effective use of the developed equipment in the annual macrocycle of training have been determined.