ЗАРУБІЖНІ ПРАКТИКИ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ У СФЕРІ НАДАННЯ МЕДИЧНИХ ПОСЛУГ ТА ЇХ АДАПТАЦІЯ ДЛЯ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ДЕМОГРАФІЧНОЇ КРИЗИ

The purpose of the article is to identify priority foreign public policy solutions in the field of medical services and to outline the conditions for their realistic adaptation for Ukraine in a demographic crisis. The relevance of the topic is explained by the fact that population ageing, depopulation, migration shifts and territorial inequality simultaneously increase demand for long-term management of chronic conditions, rehabilitation, palliative and home-based support while narrowing human and financial resources, creating threats to access, quality, financial protection and continuity of care. The study is based on a comparative analysis of service-organization models, an analysis of governance descriptions and regulatory approaches, content analysis of coordination instruments across levels of care, and a system analysis of the interconnection between demographic factors, service pathways and resource constraints. As a result, a coherent logic for assessing practices is developed using criteria related to the role of primary care, coordination and case management, digital data support and accountability, territorial accessibility, and the institutionalization of long-term care. A set of solutions with the highest adaptive capacity is identified: strengthening primary care with an emphasis on prevention and long-term follow-up; introducing standardized patient pathways and responsibility for continuity in chronic conditions; defining a minimum mandatory set of clinical data and ensuring stable information exchange to reduce losses during mobility; expanding community-based, out-of-hospital services (rehabilitation, nursing care, home support); and launching a phased, minimum long-term care model with transparent needs assessment and caregiver support. The practical value of the article lies in proposing clear prerequisites for implementation and prioritization of changes, enabling public authorities to plan reforms while considering institutional capacity, financing, allocation of workforce roles, data quality, and legal frameworks in territorially heterogeneous conditions. Transfer risks in the financial, workforce, information and governance domains are outlined, as well as ways to mitigate them through aligning payment with prevention goals, strengthening the role of mid-level staff, telemedicine formats, and monitoring quality and coverage indicators.