Exploring algae pigments for eco-friendly design and energy efficiency in architecture

The increasing demand for sustainable and energy-efficient solutions in the built environment has emphasized the innovative use of natural materials, focusing on algae pigments. This chapter explores the diverse applications of algae pigments in improving sustainability and energy efficiency within modern architecture. This chapter introduces algae and their diverse cell growth modes—autotrophic, mixotrophic, and heterotrophic—before exploring the potential of algae-based materials as sustainable alternatives in construction. The discussion examines current design trends incorporating algae into the built environment, highlighting their contribution to carbon sequestration, thermal insulation, and daylight optimization. It evaluates both the environmental benefits of these applications and their significant potential to reduce energy consumption. Furthermore, this chapter provides a contextual analysis of algae utilization in Malaysia, showcasing regional practices and advancements. By integrating algae pigments into various aspects of architectural design and functionality, this chapter illustrates a comprehensive approach to achieving sustainable and energy-efficient built environments. This document synthesizes current research, practical applications, and future trends to inspire and guide architects, engineers, and sustainability practitioners about algae pigments in promoting sustainability within the built environment.