Solomon’s Struggle Againts Enslavement in “12 Years A Slave”: A Critical Race Theory

The focus of this study is to analyze Solomon Northup’s struggle against racial oppression as depicted in 12 Years a Slave through the perspective of Critical Race Theory (CRT). The objectives of this study are: (1) to explain how the elements of Critical Race Theory are reflected in the movie 12 Years a Slave, (2) to describe Solomon Northup’s responses to enslavement based on CRT concepts, and (3) to identify the strategies employed by Solomon to maintain dignity and autonomy in the face of oppression. This research used a descriptive qualitative method. The data of this study were taken from dialogues, scenes, and narrative actions in the film that represent racial discrimination, oppression, and resistance. In collecting the data, the researcher used observation and documentation techniques, while in analyzing the data, the researcher applied the principles of Critical Race Theory as introduced by Richard Delgado, Jean Stefancic, and Kimberlé Crenshaw. The findings of this study show that racial oppression in 12 Years a Slave operates as a structural and systemic issue supported by law, economy, and culture. Solomon Northup’s struggle illustrates the intersection of race, class, and identity within the system of slavery. His resistance, agency, and pursuit of freedom reflect the essence of Critical Race Theory, emphasizing resilience and the fight for justice. The study concludes that Solomon’s journey represents both individual and collective struggles against systemic racism and provides pedagogical values that promote empathy, equality, and human dignity.