Фізичний розвиток хлопчиків 11-14 років – учасників шкільної секції з боксу

The modern system of physical education requires the implementation of an individualized approach to optimize physical development and strengthen the health of schoolchildren. Special attention is given to considering the somatotype as a genetically determined trait in the process of school sports, particularly boxing, during middle school age, which is a crucial period for physical development. Objective. The aim of the study is to determine the characteristics of the physical development of boys aged 11–14 who participate in a school boxing club, taking into account their specific somatotype. Methods. The study involved 52 boys aged 11–14 who attended a boxing section at a general secondary education institution. The modified Shtefko-Ostrovsky scheme was used to determine the somatotype. Assessment of the functional state was conducted at the beginning and end of the academic year using methods of pulsometry, dynamometry, and spirometry, as well as the Martinet-Kushelevsky test and various indices (body mass, vital, strength, and Robinson indices). The obtained data were analyzed using methods of mathematical statistics. Results. It was established that systematic boxing sessions provide a sustainable result that strengthens with age and has a specific character for each somatotype. A common trend for all groups was a statistically significant increase in vital capacity and handgrip dynamometry indicators. The most harmonious development and high adaptation to loads were demonstrated by representatives of the muscular and thoracic types. In boys of the asthenic type, an improvement in the economization of cardiovascular function was recorded. Conclusions. It has been experimentally confirmed that adaptive changes in boys of the same age under the influence of physical activity in a school boxing club are characterized by specific features related to their somatotype. The results indicate the need for the individualization of training programs, especially for representatives of the digestive somatotype, as they demonstrated the lowest efficiency of adaptation to standard loads.