ІНСТИТУЦІЙНИЙ ЛАНДШАФТ ЕКСПОРТНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ В УКРАЇНІ

The article is devoted to the study of the institutional landscape of export activity in Ukraine under martial law, increasing foreign economic risks, and deepening European integration processes. The purpose of the research is to provide a formal and conceptual definition of the category “institutional landscape” and, on this basis, to identify the key institutional characteristics of Ukraine’s export regime.The methodological framework of the study is based on the principles of classical institutionalism and new institutional economics, in particular the theory of transaction costs, legal and contractual institutions, as well as approaches to the analysis of formal and informal rules of economic activity.The institutional landscape of export activity is considered as a structured system of interconnected institutions and institutional arrangements that shape the rules, constraints, and opportunities for exporting goods and services to international markets. The article systematizes the main elements of this landscape, including legislative, customs-tariff, tax, and administrative mechanisms of state regulation. Special attention is paid to the analysis of free, licensed, and quota-based export regimes, as well as the application of minimum export prices as an instrument of non-tariff regulation.The transformation of the institutional environment of exports under wartime conditions is examined, particularly changes in tax and customs legislation, the introduction of the export security regime, and the strengthening of currency and tax control. Using the example of sunflower oil and sunflower seed exports, the study illustrates the specifics of institutional conditions for goods with different levels of value added and varying degrees of state intervention.The processes of harmonization of the national institutional environment with international and European regulatory systems, in particular the HS and the EU CN, are analyzed separately, as they constitute an important prerequisite for Ukraine’s integration into the single economic space of the European Union. It is substantiated that under conditions of armed aggression, institutions perform a dual function: on the one hand, they ensure the adaptation of export activity to crisis challenges, and on the other hand, they act as an active factor in transforming the economic environment. The study concludes that an effective institutional export landscape is critically important for preserving export potential, stabilizing the national economy, and maintaining Ukraine’s position in the international division of labor.