МІЖНАРОДНИЙ ТРАНСФЕР ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ В УМОВАХ ГЛОБАЛЬНОЇ ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЇ: КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНИЙ ТА ІНСТИТУЦІЙНИЙ ПІДХІД

Global digitalization has significantly transformed the mechanisms of international technology transfer, challenging traditional theoretical interpretations developed within the industrial economic paradigm. Classical approaches usually conceptualize technology transfer as a linear and transaction-based process focused on the exchange of tangible technological assets. However, such interpretations increasingly fail to reflect the complexity of contemporary technology transfer shaped by digital platforms, innovation ecosystems, and institutional frameworks.This article aims to reconsider the concept of international technology transfer in the context of global digitalization. Based on a critical analysis of classical, institutional, and network-based approaches, the study proposes an author’s conceptualization of international technology transfer that reflects its modern characteristics. International technology transfer is defined as a multivector, multilevel, and institutionally mediated process of transferring knowledge, technological solutions, and digital innovations among actors of the international economy through digital platforms and networked innovation ecosystems.The proposed conceptual approach emphasizes the non-linearity of technology flows, the interaction of actors at different analytical levels, and the role of institutional and regulatory environments in shaping technology transfer outcomes. The findings contribute to the theoretical foundations of international economic relations and provide a conceptual basis for further empirical research and policy analysis, particularly in the context of digital transformation and innovation strategies within the European Union.