Особливості вияву основних компонентів фізичної підготовленості підлітків

Physical training and its outcomes continue to be an im­portant component of the competencies defined by the New Ukrainian School as a priority for students’ development. Attention to such training – particularly to load parameters – increases during adolescence, thus requiring effective recommendations. Purpose. To determine the features of the manifestation of motor qualities as components of physical fitness in boys aged 13–15 years. Material and Methods. The study involved 154 boys and lasted for two academic years. None of the participants had any medical contraindications to various physical activity parameters. Data were collected for 14 indicators characteriz­ing the main components of physical fitness. Well-known motor tests, widely used in physical activity practice and meeting reliability and informativeness criteria, were applied. Testing was conducted at the beginning (September) and end (May) of the school year. Results. In a sample homogeneous by sex and age, individual results of the boys differed significantly in almost every indicator. With age, these differ­ences deepened: the number of indicators with the largest Min–Max variation increased from two at age 13 to five at age 15. At each age within the 13–15-year period, the distribution of individual results generally deviated from the normal distribution in nearly all indica­tors, except for isolated cases. These exceptions reflected age-related characteristics of the studied components. At age 13, the distribution of values in 12 of 14 indicators differed from the normal distribution according to both the W-test and the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Ex­ceptions included coordination in ballistic movements for distance with the dominant hand and coordination in acrobatic movements. At age 14, all 14 indicators showed a non-normal distribution; at age 15, 12 indicators did so, but these differed from those identified at age 13 – specifically, flexibility in the lumbar spine and shoulder joints. Conclusions. The identified multimodality must be considered when processing data describing the functional, motor, and morphological characteristics of children, adolescents, and youth of specific sex and age, as well as when developing physical activity programs of various orientations. Another important aspect of accounting for these find­ings is the elimination of multimodality to achieve a homogeneous sample of boys aged 13–15 years by considering a complex of individ­ual characteristics, including genetic markers.