ANALISIS YURIDIS TERHADAP PERJANJIAN SEWA RUMAH TANPA AKTA TERTULIS DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA (STUDI PUTUSAN NOMOR 146/PDT/2019/PT YYK)

A house lease agreement is a legal relationship commonly found in society, particularly in the City of Yogyakarta. In practice, such agreements are often made without a written deed and rely solely on mutual trust, which may lead to legal issues concerning legal certainty and evidentiary strength in the event of disputes. This research aims to analyze the legal standing of unwritten house lease agreements under the Indonesian Civil Code and to examine the implications of the Yogyakarta High Court Decision Number 146/PDT/2019/PT YYK. This study employs normative legal research using statutory and conceptual approaches. The legal materials consist of the Indonesian Civil Code, court decisions, as well as legal literature and academic journals, analyzed through the theories of contract law and legal certainty. The findings indicate that unwritten house lease agreements remain legally valid as long as they fulfill the requirements of a valid contract as stipulated in Article 1320 of the Indonesian Civil Code, yet they have weaknesses in terms of evidentiary proof. The Yogyakarta High Court Decision Number 146/PDT/2019/PT YYK confirms the existence of a lease relationship; however, the absence of written evidence resulted in the tenant being declared in default. Therefore, house lease agreements should be made in written form to ensure legal certainty and to protect the rights of the parties.