Agricultural Production: Current State, Challenges, and Future Perspectives

Sustainable agriculture aims to improve environmental quality and preserve the natural resources that support the agricultural economy, while minimizing or eliminating negative impacts on natural ecosystems. It simultaneously addresses social, economic, and environmental objectives. Numerous factors—such as global population growth, climate change, depletion of natural resources, and the increasing demand for production— necessitate a drastic transformation in agricultural practices. This study examines the impact of technological advancements on Serbia’s agricultural Total Factor Productivity and environmental sustainability between 2011 and 2021. Yields vary depending on the tillage system, nutrient doses, timing and methods of application, genetics, climatic factors throughout the year, and their interactions. Climate change increasingly influences yield fluctuations and grain production across all plant species.