Is the current voting system for community councils in the Czech Republic optimal? - Analysis and comparison of electoral systems for municipal authorities in the Czech Republic and Luxembourg

This bachelor thesis analyzes and compares the electoral systems for municipal councils in the Czech Republic and Luxembourg. The aim of the thesis is to assess whether the current Czech municipal electoral system meets the requirements of comprehensibility, fairness, and representativeness, and whether there are elements of foreign regulations that could contribute to its possible improvement. Particular attention is paid to preferential voting mechanisms, the degree of personalization of elections, and methods of converting votes into seats. The thesis is based on a quantitative analysis of open data from municipal elections in the Czech Republic in 2022 and in Luxembourg in 2023. Using a comparative approach, the author examines the proportion of preferentially elected representatives, the degree of candidate skipping on candidate lists, and the impact of different conversion methods, specifically the d'Hondt method and the Hagenbach-Bischoff quota, on the final distribution of seats. The results of the analysis show that the Luxembourg system, which allows two preferential votes to be cast for a single candidate and does not set a percentage threshold for skipping candidates, leads to a significantly higher degree of personalization of elections and more frequent skipping of candidates compared...