Nutrition and Weight Reduction Strategies in Combat Sports: A Systematic Review According to the PRISMA 2020 Methodology

Title Nutrition and Weight Reduction Strategies in Combat Sports: A Systematic Review According to the PRISMA 2020 Methodology Background Body weight manipulation is a critical component of preparation in combat sports and can substantially influence competitive eligibility, athletic performance, and athlete health. Acute strategies, particularly rapid weight loss, are highly prevalent but associated with considerable physiological and performance-related risks. Given the heterogeneity of existing research, a systematic evaluation of evidence concerning nutrition and weight reduction methods in combat sports is essential. Methods This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Literature searches were performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus. Eligible studies were peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2025, focused on adult combat sport athletes (≥18 years) and examining nutritional strategies, energy availability, acute and long-term weight reduction methods, and their effects on performance or health. A total of 191 records were identified; after removing duplicates and applying screening and eligibility criteria, 22 studies were included. Data extraction and thematic synthesis were performed. Results The findings demonstrate a high prevalence...