Exploring adolescent engagement in physical activity: Insights from junior parkrun and underserved communities

Background Adolescent physical activity is critical for physical, mental, and social well-being, yet participation rates remain low, particularly in socioeconomically deprived areas. These disparities contribute to long-term health inequalities, making physical activity promotion a public health priority. This study investigated factors influencing adolescent participation in junior parkrun, a community-based initiative aimed at addressing such disparities. This research focuses on socioeconomically deprived areas to better understand barriers and facilitators to participation, providing insights for improving health equity. Methods A mixed-methods approach incorporated quantitative and qualitative data. Participation data from parkrun and junior parkrun events were analysed to identify trends and demographic characteristics. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups with adolescents, parents, and community stakeholders explored perceived barriers and facilitators to participation. Observations of junior parkrun events offered contextual understanding. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, thematic analysis, and integrated interpretation of findings to compare case study sites. Results Findings revealed significant socioeconomic disparities in participation patterns, with lower involvement among adolescents from more socioeconomically deprived areas. Key barriers included logistical challenges (such as transport and scheduling), digital exclusion, and local trust and cultural perceptions related to physical activity. Facilitators highlighted the role of community support, accessible venues, and inclusive programming. Comparisons between case studies identified localised influences, such as differences in event organisation and community engagement, impacting participation. Conclusions Despite persistent inequalities in participation, community-based initiatives like junior parkrun can help address adolescent health disparities. However, barriers must be tackled to maximise impact. Findings underscore the need for tailored strategies to remove obstacles and enhance facilitators in socioeconomically deprived areas. Results contribute to evidence supporting policies and interventions that promote equitable physical activity access, improving adolescent health outcomes and reducing disparities.