Biomechanical characterization of the stand-to-sit movement: a scope review

Objective: Map and summarise the biomechanical characteristics of the stand-to-sit movement across different populations, providing a comprehensive overview of kinematic, kinetic and neuromuscular aspects. Expected Outcomes: We expect to identify a predominance of kinematic analyses of the stand-to-sit movement, with studies commonly dividing the movement into four or five phases. Three-dimensional motion capture systems, especially those using reflective markers (e.g., Vicon), are anticipated to be the most frequently used tools, followed by force platforms and surface EMG. We also expect that most studies will focus on the hip, knee and ankle joints, mainly analysing movement in the sagittal plane. We anticipate fewer studies combining kinetic and neuromuscular data, with scarce assessment of muscle activation patterns, typically focusing on lower limb muscles such as tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, erector spinae and hamstrings. We also expect to find methodological gaps, including small sample sizes, homogeneous populations, and limited integration of kinetic and neuromuscular analyses.