Analisis Spasio-Temporal Kekeringan Pada Lahan Pertanian di Kabupaten Pati Menggunakan Metode Normalized Difference Drought Index (Nddi)

Agricultural land drought is a significant problem in Pati Regency, influenced by seasonal climate variability and the El Niño–La Niña phenomenon, which impacts water availability and agricultural productivity. This study aims to analyse the spatio-temporal distribution of agricultural land drought in Pati Regency during the period 2019–2024 and to analyse the relationship between the Normalised Difference Drought Index (NDDI) and land surface temperature (LST). The method used is a quantitative approach based on remote sensing using Landsat 8 imagery, through the calculation of NDVI, NDWI, NDDI, and LST indices, as well as statistical analysis. The results of the study indicate that agricultural land drought in Pati Regency has a fluctuating and uneven spatiotemporal pattern with a predominance of low drought levels, with an increase in intensity in 2019, 2023 and 2024 and a concentration of dry areas on land with low vegetation cover and rainfed agriculture. Statistical analysis showed a positive and significant relationship between NDDI and LST in all years of observation, with correlation values of 0.761 in 2019, 0.727 in 2020, 0.714 in 2021, 0.509 in 2022, 0.797 in 2023, and 0.713 in 2024 at a significance level of < 0.05. Linear regression results show that LST contributes to NDDI variation (R²) by 47.0%, 52.8%, 70.6%, 25.9%, 55.7%, and 63.4%, respectively. These findings prove that increases in land surface temperature play an important role in increasing agricultural drought levels. The integration of NDDI and LST is effectively used as a spatio-temporal approach to monitoring agricultural land drought based on satellite imagery.