The Impact of Environmental Investments, Tax Policies, and Renewable Energy on Green Job Creation : With reference to five European countries

The transition to a green economy has become a major focus of policymakers since increased environmental degradation and climate change have shifted global economic priorities in recent decades. This study evaluates environmental policy instruments, particularly investments in environmental protection, tax revenue and renewable energy production on green employment creation in five leading countries in the European green transition. Utilizing panel data from 2014 to 2023 and the random effects fixed effects year fixed effect models, the study investigates the role of fiscal policy and energy policy in promoting sustainable labour market transformation. The findings reveal that renewable energy production, tax revenue and environmental protection investments create a significant influence on green employment creation. The study emphasizes the importance of well-designed environmental policies to striking a balance between labour market outcomes and ecological goals.