Проблематика боротьби з фальсифікацією медичної продукції

The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the problem of falsification of medical products as a global criminal, medico-legal and socio-economic phenomenon that poses a significant threat to public health. The paper analyses modern approaches to defining the concept of «falsified medical product» and its elements. The characteristic features of falsified medical products are identified, as well as the key risks associated with their circulation, including the threat to human life and health, the increase in disease resistance to antibiotics, the undermining of trust in the health care system and significant economic losses for the state and private manufacturers. It is emphasized that the falsification of medicinal products has a complex nature, as it combines criminal-law, technological and organizational aspects that require an intersectoral approach to overcoming it. The article also analyses the factors that contribute to the spread of falsification of medical products, including the imperfection of quality control mechanisms, corruption, incompleteness of regulatory policy, the complexity of supply chains and the lack of affordable medicines. Based on the generalization of international experience, the national, regional and global levels of counteraction to this type of crime are characterized, in particular the activities of the WHO, Interpol and the European Union. The paper emphasizes the role of coordination structures that ensure the exchange of information, harmonization of approaches and the formation of unified standards for pharmaceutical market safety. Special attention is paid to modern technological solutions: track-and-trace systems, RFID marking and blockchain platforms, which increase the transparency of supply chains and reduce the risks of circulation of falsified products. Using the examples of Türkiye, the United States and China, the practical advantages, technical challenges and limitations of implementing digital control tools are revealed. The state of counteraction to the falsification of medicinal products in Ukraine is examined separately, the main gaps in law enforcement and institutional barriers are identified. Based on the conducted analysis, directions for improving the effectiveness of state policy in the field of pharmaceutical safety are proposed and prospects for integrating national control systems into the global digital infrastructure for medical product verification are outlined.