Modulatory Effects of Musa paradisiaca (Banana) Peel Extract on Glucose Homeostasis and Oxidative Stress Responses in Staphylococcus epidermidis Under Hyperglycemic Conditions

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a critical global health concern, with cardiac and vascular complications, such as diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), contributing to DM-linked mortality. Staphylococcus epidermidis, an opportunistic bacterium found on medical devices such as catheters, presents challenges when exposed to diabetic patients, as elevated glycemia enhances bacterial activity that may contribute to myocardial inflammation and DCM progression. This study explored the therapeutic potential of Musa paradisiaca (banana) peel extract in mitigating metabolic dysregulation and oxidative stress in a Staphylococcus epidermidis model cultured in a high-dextrose medium. It was hypothesized that due to the bioactive compounds in banana peels, increasing concentrations of the extract from 0%, 1%, 5%, to 10% would yield a reduction in both glucose levels and reactive oxygen species (ROS), measured using Benedict’s test and a KI-starch assay, respectively. Results from a one-way ANOVA indicated a highly significant difference in glucose concentration across treatment groups, F(3,116) = 590.59, p < 0.001. Post-hoc Tukey analysis demonstrated a statistically equivalent, near-complete glucose elimination by the 5% and 10% concentrations, suggesting a limit in glucose reduction at higher doses. A one-way ANOVA of ROS scavenging capacity revealed highly significant results, F(3,116) = 455.20, p < 0.001. Overall, the hypothesis was partially supported. These findings provide insights into M. paradisiaca peel extract’s hypoglycemic and cardioprotective mechanisms, offering a natural alternative to DCM therapy. Taken together, this study advances understanding of plant-derived dietary interventions for managing DM-associated complications, aiding the development of strategies to combat oxidative stress-related disease progression.