Research progress of potential biomarkers in IgA nephropathy

IgA nephropathy （IgAN） is one of the most common forms of primary glomerular disease worldwide. The definitive diagnosis of IgAN primarily relies on renal biopsy. However， as an invasive procedure， renal biopsy carries inherent risks and complications， making it unsuitable for routine or repeated assessment. Given the significant heterogeneity in clinical manifestations and prognosis of IgAN， there is an urgent need in clinical practice to identify specific biomarkers that can assess disease activity and guide individualized treatment strategies. This review provides a comprehensive overview from multiple perspectives， including pathogenesis， immune complexes， and multi-omics biomarkers， to explore the application value of potential sensitive biomarkers in the early detection of IgAN， the assessment of disease activity， and the implementation of personalized therapy. The aim is to offer insights and references for future research and clinical practice.