Advances in the mechanisms underlying preeclampsia-associated renal injury

Preeclampsia （PE） is a pregnancy-specific hypertensive disorder whose precise etiology and pathogenesis remain incompletely understood. Beyond posing an acute threat to maternal health during pregnancy， PE can impart lasting renal damage， typically presenting as albuminuria and increasing the risk of chronic kidney disease （CKD） and end-stage renal disease （ESRD）. This review systematically outlines the principal mechanisms implicated in PE-induced renal injury， including defective trophoblast invasion， alterations in renal hemodynamics， an imbalance between anti-angiogenic and pro-angiogenic factors， oxidative stress， and the release of inflammatory mediators. By delineating these key pathophysiological processes， we underscore the importance of protecting renal function in women with PE and of early monitoring and intervention. The review aims to inform clinical management and to provide a theoretical foundation for future research into prevention and treatment strategies.