PERLINDUNGAN VARIETAS TANAMAN TERHADAP HAK PETANI (FARMER’S RIGHTS) PADA PEMULIA VARIETAS TANAMAN LOKAL KOPI KLON CIPTO ASAL PROVINSI LAMPUNG

Varietas Tanaman Lokal merupakan sumber daya strategis dalam pembangunanekonomi dan ketahanan pangan Indonesia. Perlindungan terhadap petani yang memiliki kemampuan di bidang pemuliaan tanaman memiliki peranan yang sangatpenting. Dalam sistem hukum perlindungan varietas tanaman (PVT) yang diaturdalam Undang-Undang Nomor 29 Tahun 2000, pemberian hak eksklusif yangdicantumkan hanya kepada pemulia tanaman (breeder’s rights), sedangkan hakhak petani (farmer’s rights) sebagai pemulia varietas lokal belum diakui dandilindungi secara adil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bentuk hak petani dalam sistem hukum Perlindungan Varietas Tanaman sertamengidentifikasi hambatan dalam implementasinya terhadap pemulia varietaslokal kopi klon Cipto asal Provinsi Lampung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif-empiris dengan tipe penelitian deskriptif. Pendekatan masalah dilakukan melalui pendekatanperundang-undangan dan penerapan hukum dalam masyarakat. Data yangdigunakan merupakan data primer dan data sekunder. Pengumpulan data yangdilakukan melalui wawancara, studi pustaka dan observasi, lalu dianalisis dengan cara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hak petani pada pemulia varietas tanamanlokal masih sangat terbatas. Dalam sistem hukum Perlindungan VarietasTanaman, hak petani hanya diakui secara sempit melalui klausul farmer’s rightsyaitu hak istimewa petani berupa hak menyimpang benih dan hak untuk menggunakannya kembali. Peraturan Perlindungan Varietas Tanaman belummemuat peraturan untuk perlindungan pengetahuan tradisional, partisipasi dalam pengambilan keputusan, serta pembagian manfaat yang adil (benefit sharing).Implementasi hak petani pada komoditas kopi klon Cipto menghadapi berbagaihambatan, berupa hambatan hukum, ekonomi, sosial-budaya, dan kelembagaan. Kata Kunci: Hak Petani, Kopi Klon Cipto, Perlindungan Varietas Tanaman. Local plant varieties are a strategic resource for Indonesia's economic development and food security. Protection of farmers with plant breeding skills plays a crucial role. In the legal system for plant variety protection (PVT) regulated by Law Number 29 of 2000, exclusive rights are granted only to plant breeders (breeder's rights), while farmer's rights as breeders of local varieties have not been recognized and fairly protected. This study aims to analyze the forms of farmer's rights in the legal system for plant variety protection and to identify obstacles in its implementation for breeders of local varieties of Cipto clone coffee from Lampung Province. This research employs a normative-empirical legal research method with a descriptive approach. The problem is approached through legislation and the application of law in society. The data used are both primary and secondary. Data collection was conducted through interviews, literature studies, and observations, then analyzed qualitatively. The research results show that farmers' rights as breeders of local plant varieties are still very limited. In the Plant Variety Protection legal system, farmers' rights are only narrowly recognized through the farmer's privilege clause, which provides farmers with the right to save seeds and reuse them. The Plant Variety Protection Regulation does not yet include regulations for the protection of traditional knowledge, participation in decision-making, or fair benefit sharing. The implementation of farmers' rights for the Cipto Clone coffee commodity faces various obstacles, including legal, economic, socio-cultural, and institutional barriers. Keywords: Farmers' Rights, Cipto Clone Coffee, Plant Variety Protection.