Emergency Nurses’ Perspectives on Workload, Stress, and Violence in the Context of the U.S. Nursing Shortage

The nursing shortage is a critical global issue that significantly impacts emergency nurses (ER), leading to increased workloads, psychological stress, and heightened exposure to workplace violence (WPV). This phenomenon raises concerns among healthcare administrators and nurse leaders who seek strategies to improve retention and ensure quality patient care. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the meaning of workload, stress, and WPV among ER nurses during the U.S. nursing shortage. Guided by Herzberg’s two-factor theory, the study employed a phenomenological approach to capture nurses’ lived experiences. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with eight ER nurses from diverse hospital settings. Thematic analysis revealed five overarching themes: (a) overwhelming workload and emotional strain, (b) normalization of WPV in emergency care, (c) perceived lack of organizational support and respect, (d) the dual nature of job fulfillment, and (e) solutions to ending the nursing shortage. Participants described how these factors diminished job satisfaction and contributed to intentions to leave the profession. Findings suggest that addressing WPV and improving administrative support are essential for enhancing nurse well-being and retention. Implications for positive social change include the potential for healthcare administrators and policymakers to implement supportive measures that may reduce nurse attrition and improve patient outcomes. By fostering safer and more respectful work environments, this study contributes to strategies that strengthen the emergency nursing workforce and promote sustainable healthcare delivery.