Exploring the Impact of Childhood Sexual Abuse on Self-Esteem and Interpersonal Trust in African American Women

Although childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is known to affect survivors’ subsequent self- esteem and interpersonal trust levels, its long-term impacts among African American women were not fully understood. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study, which was grounded in attachment theory and trauma theory, was to explore how CSA shapes African American women’s self-esteem, interpersonal trust, and healing processes in adulthood. To answer the study’s seven research questions, semistructured interviews were conducted with eight African American women. The use of Braun and Clarke’s reflexive thematic analysis approach yielded seven themes: (a) impaired trust, (b) disrupted self-esteem, (c) resilience and strength identity, (d) spirituality and faith as a coping resource, (e) boundaries and control, (f) cultural narratives and stereotypes, and (g) support and safe relationships. Findings revealed that CSA produced long-term relational disruptions, internalized shame, and identity conflicts, while culturally grounded strengths—such as spirituality, resilience, and community support—facilitated healing. Participants described navigating both trauma and cultural expectations, including the strong Black woman narrative, which simultaneously supported coping and limited vulnerability. This study expands the limited qualitative literature on African American women survivors of CSA by illustrating how trauma, culture, and identity intersect to shape recovery. The study may promote positive social change by substantiating the need for culturally responsive, trauma-informed clinical practices and policies that expand access to affirming mental health resources.