КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНЕ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ЗМІСТУ НАВЧАННЯ ФІЗИКИ ТА АСТРОНОМІЇ В ОСВІТНЬОМУ ПРОЦЕСІ

The article proposes methodological approaches to developing the ability of future physics and astronomy teachers to model the content of physics and astronomy education as a key professional competence based on the analysis of educational goals, expected results, and conditions of the learning environment. The concept of astronomical education involves the acquisition of astronomical knowledge, assimilation of astronomical culture; formation of a complete personality, its spirituality, creative individuality, development of intellectual and emotional potential. The article examines the essence of professional competences of modern astronomy teachers, proposes a model of professional competence of teachers of higher educational institutions and analyzes its structural components. It substantiates the importance of interdisciplinary integration, the use of modern digital technologies, and the formation of productive thinking in students. Examples of platforms, methodological approaches, and research tasks that contribute to the implementation of competency-based and STEM-oriented learning are provided. The need to strengthen the state's responsibility for the quality of physics and astronomy education is emphasized. It is noted that in most cases, the quality of young teachers' professional activity is influenced not by a lack of fundamental knowledge of physics or astronomy, but by the weak formation of the components of the structure of pedagogical activity, complexes of technological, methodological, psychological-pedagogical diagnostic and research skills.Key words: competencies, interests, motivation, STEM approach, critical thinking, interdisciplinary connections, simulations, virtual laboratories, online platforms.