Potential role of platelet rich plasma (PRP) to improve bovine semen quality: A review

Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) is a biological innovation increasingly being researched in animal reproduction due to its content of various growth factors, cytokines, and bioactive components that support cellular activity. In male reproduction, the use of PRP has begun to attract attention due to its ability to improve bovine semen quality, particularly in artificial insemination and cryopreservation procedures that often reduce sperm motility, viability, and membrane integrity. This review aimed to compile an up-to-date summary of the mechanism of action of PRP in maintaining and improving bovine semen quality while also examining published experimental findings. Physiologically, PRP releases growth factors, including PDGF, TGF-β, IGF, and VEGF, which play a key role in cell regeneration, membrane stability, and reducing oxidative stress. This process is believed to create a more supportive microenvironment for spermatozoa, increase their resistance to damage during storage and freezing, and improve semen parameters such as progressive motility, plasma membrane integrity, and fertilization ability. Although most studies report positive results, differences in PRP preparation techniques, concentrations, and application methods still contribute to variations in research results. Therefore, this review emphasizes the need for standardized protocols and further studies to ensure the effectiveness and safety of PRP use in bovine reproductive practices. With more targeted methods, PRP has the potential to become a new biological agent that can improve reproductive performance and the efficiency of insemination programs.