Effects of grape seed extract, fluoride and Er,Cr:YSGG laser on dentin tubules.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the laboratory effects on human dentin tubules of the single or combined use of grape seed extract (GSE), Er,Cr:YSGG laser and fluoride. METHODS: Dentin discs were separated into six groups: Group 1 (control), Group 2 (Er,Cr:YSGG laser), Group 3 (fluoride), Group 4 (fluoride+Er,Cr:YSGG laser), Group 5 (GSE), and Group 6 (GSE+Er,Cr:YSGG laser). The number of closed and semi-closed tubules and the tubule diameters in all the samples were evaluated using SEM analysis. RESULTS: In the comparisons of the number of closed dentin tubules, the combined applications (fluoride+Er,Cr:YSGG laser and GSE+Er,Cr:YSGG laser) were seen to be significantly better than the other groups. The most number of closed dentin tubules were observed in Group 4 (fluoride+Er,Cr:YSGG laser). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The results of this study demonstrated that the incorporation of grape seed extract into dental treatment may offer clinicians an additional option to traditional desensitizing agents, particularly for patients seeking plant-based or minimally processed therapeutic approaches.