An Outcome-Wide Study of the Associations of Optimism with Subsequent Well-Being and Other Outcomes in Wave 2 of the Global Flourishing Study

Leveraging two waves of data from a diverse and international sample of over 200,000 (202,898+5,062 from China) individuals across 22 countries and one territory, this longitudinal study will evaluate optimism from Wave 1 as a potential antecedent of well-being and related outcomes assessed in Wave 2. We hypothesize that optimism will have meaningful and varied associations with subsequent well-being outcomes assessed approximately one year later. Additionally, we anticipate the pattern of these associations will differ by country, reflecting diverse societal influences. Using multivariate regression and E-values to evaluate robustness to potential unmeasured confounding, this study aims to provide insight into the potential role of optimism in contributing to various aspects of well-being and provide additional evidence for developing approaches to promoting well-being in different national contexts.